Access control systems facilitate the task of controlling rights of entry or use of certain particular inside a building areas, as well as information systems to the authorities of a particular institution. In general, it is considered to control systems of accesoss as a second layer in the security of a physical structure. In addition, access control systems can be physical or digital. Digital, are generally responsible for safeguarding the security of networks, limit or deny access to certain files, data, applications or other resources in an information system or a network of computers. A lot of security companies is responsible for providing these services. Physical access control systems to a group or a person controlling entry to certain areas within a facility or information stored on a computer. In terms of physical security, there are many components related to this type of systems.

An access control point control points It can be a door, a tourniquet, an elevator, the entrance of a parking lot or any other barrier where access must be authorized or denied. Most access points are the doors and can be controlled by electric locks. These locks are not handled by human operators, but by an electronic reader that determines the level of accessibility that is awarded to the visitors. Readers are many different types of readers who are used to control access points. Readers can use biometric to scan fingerprints, use boards for entering a password, or be used to read cards. Advances in networking technology developed over the past decade have led to increased use of IP readers.

Readers of control, generally do not take decisions, but yes they transmit information to a control panel where the appropriate level of access is checked. Control panels usually, control systems are based on the model hub and spokes, where readers are circulating as nodes around a center that is the own panel. Readers communicate with control panel via RS485 serial connections. Currently there are IP-based systems. This type of system uses standard networking and advanced computer programs to verify and evaluate the entry into access points. Integration of systems of control in addition to the above components listed, access control systems can be integrated with a wide variety of alarm systems. Alarm systems can be combined with control points extending coverage to prevent the misuse of some object. Fire alarm systems can be integrated with control points of accesoss to help a rapid evacuation in an emergency.